Pure land art Pure Land Buddhism originated in India and became particularly popular in China, Japan, and Korea, where it adapted to local customs and beliefs. Pure Land Mariko Mori. This form of Buddhism became particularly popular in East Asia, where it offered a more accessible approach to enlightenment through faith and devotion Furthermore, in Pure Land Buddhism, Amitabha’s Pure Land is considered a real and tangible place where beings can be reborn and attain enlightenment. 6cm; . Art Gallery of New South Wales, Sydney, 2016; Sunway University, Malaysia, 2016; The Third Shenzhen Independent Animation Biennale, Shenzen, 2016; Genshin (942-1017) was a Tendai Sect monk and scholar whose most important and popular work, the Ojoyoshu (Essentials of Birth in the Pure-Land) with its vivid descriptions of various hells, and in contrast, the Pure-Land Paradise, had a major influence not only on Buddhism in Japan, but on its art and literature as well. Prepared cold to preserve the natural enzymes, it is also used in Phytotherapy as an emollient to help soothe irritation and FIAC starts in two weeks! Take a seat and watch 12 seconds of pure land art in preparation! Tickets here: https://shop. org Quick Tour of the Purelands. Skip to main 99% Pure Aloe Vera | Cold-Processed. In the centuries that followed, iconic images of Amitabha became a favorite theme in Chinese Buddhist art. Pure Land is a tradition which is primarily Buddhist Utopian vision shaped the art of Pure Land; so did many other factors, including the actual locale. 54x57. This concept is particularly significant in the context of Chinese Buddhism, where the imagery and teachings associated with Pure Land were adapted to resonate with local cultural values, Your Cart is Empty. Buddhadharma through Art. The Descent of Amitabha is a distinct genre of Pure Land painting that arose after the appearance of “transformation” paintings (jingbian tu 經變圖 ) at Dunhuang, which give pictorial form to the Contemplation Sutra (Amitayurdhyana Sutra). i table of contents Pure Land Farms offers a wide range of online educational programs hosted by our partners the Sowa Rigpa Institute and Yangchenma Arts & Music. By Dharma Master Huijing The first Art History Babe Brief of 2020 focuses on the work of Mariko Mori, Art History Babe Brief of 2020 focuses on the work of Mariko Mori, including her famous 90s works titled Nirvana and Pure Land. 89 L | Unflavored. Smarthistory’s free, award-winning digital content unlocks the expertise of hundreds of leading scholars, making the history of art accessible and engaging to Pure Land AR demonstrates the future of mobile media and augmented reality as a means of virtually embodying 1:1 scale cultural heritage experiences. back to the Artist page Art Atrium is the invention of Simon Chan, an Architect who has a passion for art, especially indigenous art and architectural drawings. the metamorphosis of pure land art in tang china a dissertation submitted to the faculty of the division of the humanities in candidacy for the degree of doctor of philosophy department of art history by anne ning feng chicago, illinois august 2018 . It teaches that by reciting Amitabha's name with faith, one can be reborn in a blissful realm conducive to attaining enlightenment. The English term has no Indian antecedent Centered on the practice of seeking rebirth in the Pure Land paradise Sukhāvatī, the Amitābha cult has been the dominant form of Buddhism in Korea since the middle of the Silla period (ca. Nirvana animates the imagery we see in Pure Land. You can also visit our Pure Land Music Channel here to enjoy a list of Buddhist music. Welcome to Pure Land Farms named after Tanaduk, the Pure Land of the Medicine Buddha. Tara’s Pure Land in Mount Potala is described as Based on Nagarjuna’s “Chapter on the Easy Path,” it explains Vasubandhu’s Treatise on Rebirth, combines the Pure Land thinking of the two great Indian Bodhisattvas, and lays the foundation for transmission of the correct Pure Land teaching in China. Focusing on the seventh-century Cave 209, I examine the first set of mountain panels at Dunhuang, arguing that those polychrome landscapes represent Vulture Peak, the sacred abode of Śākyamuni 241. The Pure Land Assembly is a spiritual Centre for the public. fiac. In the most advanced stage of practice, the follower contemplates Amitabha as not separate from Pure Land. Foxes and Wolves is a shorter, three campaign scenario covering only the first Pure Land- iCinema: An immersive journey into Dunhuang's Buddhist grotto temples, vividly recreating Cave 220's mural of the Eastern Pure Land. Image c Applied Laboratory for Interactive Visualization and Embodiment, CityU Hong Kong. Skip to search form Skip to main content Skip to account menu. Courses take place live on Zoom with our teachers from all over the world and hosted on professional learning platforms where recordings are available for reviewing along with additional course Jōdo Shinshū (浄土真宗, "The True Essence of the Pure Land Teaching" [1]), also known as Shin Buddhism or True Pure Land Buddhism, is a school of Pure Land Buddhism founded by the former Tendai Japanese monk Shinran. Of course, such poetic love is not clearly expressed in the Pure Land sutras, which, despite their doctrinal eloquence and clarity, do not possess the kind of literary beauty offered by Japan’s poet-monks. He synthesized and completed the Pure Land teachings and wrote the Five Works in Nine Fascicles, which definitively laid down the thought and practices of the Pure Land tradition. Zsuzsanna Gulácsi, “The Manichaean Roots of a Pure Land Banner from Kocho (III 4524) in the Asian Art Museum, Berlin,” in Zs. Mahāyāna recognized the existence of innumerable buddhas and even Pure Land Buddhism is a major branch of Mahayana Buddhism that emphasizes faith in Amitabha Buddha and the belief that by invoking his name, one can attain rebirth in the Pure Land, a realm free from suffering. The Pure Land Foundation is a UK-registered charitable organisation dedicated to fostering wellbeing, creativity and education. more. 7% of pure Aloe Vera (providing 30mg of polysaccharides). Transformation art has antecedents in the jiang jing (sutra oratory) and guan xiang (visualization) literature produced for ritual participation, as noted in an informative essay by Wu Hung (Wu 1992, 55–6). Genshin advocated abstract:This paper reconsiders how and why the representation of landscape became an increasingly central component of Pure Land art in the Tang dynasty. It constitutes the dominant tradition of most Buddhists in East Asia and is the most common form of practice within immigrant Buddhist communities in America, yet it remains elusive to many general readers of Buddhism. Through a work of art, we engage our heart in a joyful encounter with Amitābha. This work consists of four chapters, each with a different emphasis on the Pure Land tableau. Although the Pratyutpanna Sutra (which describes a fairly advanced form of Pure Land practice) came to China from India sometime in the first century of the Common Era, it was not until some four hundred years later that Pure Land Buddhism became a focus of Pure Land Farms Topanga, California. This concept is deeply embedded in various forms of Asian art, especially through depictions of the Amitabha Buddha, who is believed to preside over these Pure Lands, offering salvation and refuge to Buddhism - Pure Land: The main text of the Pure Land schools is the Sukhavativyuha-sutra (“Pure Land Sutra”). You can also view the incredible View Pure Land By Shiraga Kazuo; oil on canvas; canvas 27×21. The art often depicts Set within a golden landscape, a female figure serenely floats above a lotus blossom while six alien musicians whirl by on bubbly clouds. Taking Mogao Cave 172 as the main case study, this article deciphers a visual paradigm of a Pure Land painting and cave in Dunhuang (Gansu, China) from the high Tang period (710–780 CE). Whether one practices in a traditional Pure Land school or one just lives in relationship with Amitābha, we hope that the works presented here will inspire you along the Pure Land Way. Sukhavati is also called the Land of Bliss or Western Pure Land and is the most well-known of the Mahayana Buddhist pure lands due to the popularity of Pure Land Buddhism in East Asia. ), Language, Society, and Religion in the World of the Turks: Pure Land refers to a celestial realm in Mahayana Buddhism, believed to be a paradise where beings can attain enlightenment more easily due to the absence of suffering and distractions. Search After Shakyamuni Buddha delivered the Three Pure Land Sutras, the first to teach Pure Land practice independently was India’s Bodhisattva Nagarjuna (c. This style is characterized by serene landscapes, idealized figures of bodhisattvas, and an overall aesthetic that evokes tranquility and spiritual aspiration. It represents an ideal realm free from suffering and filled with enlightenment. Color Photograph on glass Article at Khan Academy Set within a golden landscape, a female figure serenely floats above a lotus blossom while six alien musicians whirl by on bubbly clouds. Each 30ml portion contains 99. He is a practitioner of the pristine Pure Land tradition, a school of Pure Land Buddhism based on the teachings of the de facto founder of Pure Land, Master Shandao (613-681 CE). 1998 C. Origin Location: Tibet: Date Range: 1800 - 1899: Lineages: Nyingma: Size: 89. Search 223,025,354 papers from all fields of science. We generally think in terms of only one Buddha: Sakyamuni, who lived over 2500 years ago. Focusing on the seventhcentury Cave 209, I examine the first set of mountain panels at Dunhuang, arguing that those polychrome landscapes represent Vulture Peak, the sacred abode of Śākyamuni PURE LANDSThe English term Pure Land is used as a handy equivalent for the East Asian notion of a purified buddha-field, a large extent of space made pure and beautiful by the presence of a buddha or bodhisattva. Lê in the ripple effect across Vietnamese society of Agent Orange, a herbicide used in weapons during the Re: Pure Land Art Gallery Post by Admin_PC » Mon Dec 12, 2016 6:35 pm This image of Amitabha Buddha was painted by Reverend Dao Zheng (Dr. We have been unable to find out the identity of a number of the artists whose works are presented in the gallery. Pure Land Augmented Reality Edition, Power Art Station, China for Shanghai Biennale 2012-2013; Art Gallery of New South Wales, Australia for Tang Treasures from the Silk Road Capital Pure Land: Augmented Reality Edition (Pure Land AR) uses mobile media technology to create a complementary “augmented reality” rendition of Cave 220 of the Land Art’s Aloe Ver Gel provides a superior supply of polysaccharides, offering powerful revitalizing and antioxidant effects. Practice & Ritual; Statues; Buddhist Gaos & Pendants The Pure Land schools, found primarily in East Asia, revere the Amida Buddha, or Buddha of Infinite Light, and put their faith in him to be reborn in the Pure Land, where enlightenment comes swiftly. . 64 fl oz (3. 5 cm Brush watercolour painting, black Chinese ink, on French handmade paper $ 1550. Transformation art is based around the Contemplation Sutra and the story of Queen Vaidehi’s visualization of Amitabha’s Pure Land under the historical Buddha There are wonderful Pure Land music created by musicians such as Imee Ooi and other wonderful Dharma musicians. Written in northwestern India probably before the beginning of the 2nd century ce, the Sukhavativyuha exists in two original versions, a longer one that emphasizes good works and a shorter version that emphasizes faith and devotion alone. In Aspiring to Enlightenment, Richard McBride combines analyses of scriptural, exegetical, hagiographical, epigraphical, art historical, and . This doctrine taught people the horrors of Buddhist hells and the glories of the Western Paradise of Pure Land philosophy and practices are not limited to the specifically designated Pure Land traditions, such as Japanese Jodo Shinshu, but are found in many schools of Mahayana. Access more artwork lots and estimated & realized auction prices on MutualArt. Pure Land Buddhism is based on belief in Amitabha, the Buddha of the Western Paradise, who promises salvation in his heavenly paradise after death This study examines Pure Land transformation tableaux at a cave complex called the Dunhuang Grottoes in west China, during the strongest presence of Tang control in the region between the 640s and 770s. This UNESCO World Heritage SITE, also known as the Caves of the Thousand Buddhas, is located at Dunhuang, a small town in northwestern China and an oasis in the Gobi desert that once Promoting Pure Land Concepts through Art and Education. Pure Land Buddhism, devotional cult of the Buddha Amitabha—“Buddha of Infinite Light,” known in China as Emituofo and in Japan as Amida. It enabled the The founder of the Pure Land school was Master Shandao of the Tang Dynasty, widely accepted as an incarnation of Amitabha Buddha. Although the nature of this Pure Land may be difficult to understand from an ultimate truth perspective, it is considered a legitimate goal of practice from a conventional truth perspective. $0. This tradition highlights accessibility to enlightenment, as it offers a simpler path for laypeople compared to other forms of Buddhism, connecting deeply with various In Chinese, this chant is "Na-mu A-mi-to Fo" (Hail, Amida Buddha). The Pure Land school of Mahayana Buddhism is widely practiced in Asia. Pure Land Buddhism is a major branch of Mahayana Buddhism that emphasizes devotion to Amitabha Buddha, with the belief that by reciting his name, one can be reborn in a blissful, pure realm known as the Pure Land. Pure Land Farms: Center for Tibetan Medicine, Meditation, and Rejuvenation is a ten acre rural sanctuary in Topanga, on the edge of Los Angeles, California. AP Art History; Pure Land Buddhism; Pure Land Buddhism. There are four scenarios available to play in The Pure Land:. You can listen to our music and Nianfo chants on SoundCloud here. Viewed within a darkened room with the aid of three Pure Land is set during sunrise in the landscape of the Dead Sea, the lowest point on earth, called “dead” because the high salinity of its water does not support fish or plant life. 79cm (35. The Pure Land Buddhist school is also known as the "Nembutsu school" or the "Lotus School". as seen in her The Art of Pure Land Buddhism In the latter part of the Heian period (794–1185) the Pure Land school of Buddhism became popular, particularly among aristocrats. Her pink robes mirror the predominantly pale orange, yellow and pink of the water, land and sky— For Pure Land the artist more specifically turns towards notions of home and displacement from the perspective of the Tibetan diaspora including, in addition to himself, family and friends, with an emphasis on the personal, cultural and existential significance of landscapes. Land: Inside the Mogao Grottoes at Dunhuang (hereafter Pure Land, see Figure 1) and Pure Land: Augmented Reality Edition (hereafter Pure Land AR, see Figure 2) integrate high-resolution Land art even changed the definition of what an art work could be, His objective was to personally represent the potential of a pure dialogue between human and nature. While the influence of the Zen tradition on Japanese thought and culture is widely Art History Regions Iconography Religions Collections Index Glossary Outlines Search 中文 བོད་ཡིག། Utilities My Gallery Item: Padmasambhava - Pure Land (Copper Coloured Mountain) MENU Pure Land immerses visitors in the quintessential heritage of Dunhuang's Buddhist grotto temples, which constitute an art treasury abounding with murals, statues and architectural monuments. It is one of the most popular forms of Mahayana Buddhism in eastern Asia. Previous NEXT . Established in 2015 with a keen interest in holistic health and the arts, the Pure Land Foundation seeks to promote cultural, emotional, and physical wellness through a variety of programmes and initiatives. Pure Land refers to a transcendent realm in Mahayana Buddhism, often described as a paradise where beings can attain enlightenment more easily than in the earthly realm. This doctrine taught Pure Land Art embodies the core beliefs of Pure Land Buddhism by visually representing the Pure Land as a serene space where devotees can seek refuge from suffering. 75in) Material: Ground Mineral Pigment on Cotton: Collection: Rubin Pure Land delves into the interest of an acclaimed Vietnamese-American artist Dinh Q. Gulácsi (ed. It is one of the most widely practiced traditions of Buddhism in East Asia. Due to the broad geographic In 2017, she organized "Wondrous Realm: The Pure Land Art Exhibition 2017" with her paintings and animations. Mariko Mori is a Japanese artist best known for her sculptures, videos, photographs, installation, digital imagery, and performance pieces which often involve surreal or science fiction-like objects and imagery. The brilliant histories of art belong to everyone, no matter their background. Pure Land Arts and the Gallery of Contemporary Pure Land Art were founded in order to promote the artistic communication of the Pure Land Way. Card of . We offer non-residential and online courses and workshops in the subjects of Tibetan Medicine, Buddhism, yoga, and rejuvenation, and group practices and small retreats in the Yuthok Nyingthig lineage, the unique spiritual tradition of Tibetan Medicine. Pure Land Art refers to a genre of Buddhist art that emerged in China, emphasizing the depiction of the Pure Land, a celestial realm where beings can achieve enlightenment and salvation. Pure Land Buddhism or the Pure Land School (Chinese: 淨土宗; pinyin: Jìngtǔzōng) is a broad branch of Mahayana Buddhism focused on achieving rebirth in a Pure Land. ) China, Amitābha’s paradise emerged through painted images as a majestic water-bound palace. Though still in its formative years in the West, its roots extend all the way to ancient India. Generally, we could think of Mahayana Buddhism itself as a “Buddhism of the Pure Lands Pure Land Arts was founded to encourage the artistic communication of the Pure Land Way. 99 pt) | 1. In its specific usage the phrase "the Pure Land" is one such purified world, the buddha-field of the Buddha AmitĀbha. The Pure Land teachings are fundamental to Mahayana philosophy, ritual, meditation, art, and scripture. Taking Mogao Cave 172 as the main case study, this article deciphers a visual paradigm Taking into account recent scholarship on orientalism and occidentalism, this book, written from the perspective of the Study of Religions, provides an analysis of the impact that the Pure Land tradition, in particular Shin Buddhism, has Pure Land practices center on Amitabha Buddha, rebirth in his pure buddha-land, and the guaranteed attainment of buddhahood. But, since any sentient being can awaken, and countless numbers have, there are Heaven and Hell: Salvation and Retribution in Pure Land Buddhism, brings together approximately seventy paintings, sculptures, and works of decorative arts to survey the artistic expressions of the Pure Land faith. 150-250), acclaimed as the “first patriarch of all eight schools” of Chinese Buddhism. One referent of the term "Pure Land" is a collective term for all practices and teachings having to do with a Buddha's "pure land" or buddha Abstract An intriguing group of paintings in the collection of the Hermitage, originally from Karakhoto, features Amitābha Buddha receiving the soul of a devotee into the Western Pure Land. Pure Land Buddhist teachings have played a major role in Japanese intellectual and social life from the sixth century CE, when emissaries from the Korean peninsula first officially introduced Buddhist images and texts to the Japanese court, down to the present. Pure Land is both a distinct school of Buddhism that developed in Japan and, says Aaron Proffitt, a cornerstone of the whole Mahayana tradition. 1) the centerpiece of this study. By analyzing the visual contents and compositions, the painting Such murals were meticulously painted to express the visions revealed in the Pure Land sutras, an artistic genre known as “transformation art” (jing bian tu). Visualizing the Purelands is somewhat similar to visualizing yourself as your deity if you have a visualization practice. 300-935). Reverently chanting Amitabha’s name became a common Pure Land Buddhism is a branch of Mahayana Buddhism that focuses on devotion to Amitabha Buddha and the aspiration to be reborn in his pure land. This dissertation reconceives of the Pure Land tableau—not as Pure Land refers to a concept in East Asian Buddhism where believers aspire to be reborn in Amitabha Buddha's Western Paradise. Guo Hui Zhen, before her ordination) while she was suffering from serious Semantic Scholar extracted view of "Water, Ice, Lapis lazuli: The Metamorphosis of Pure Land Art in Tang China" by Anne N. Her pink robes mirror the predominantly pale orange, yellow and pink of the water, The Descent of Amitabha is a distinct genre of Pure Land painting that arose after the appearance of “transformation” paintings (jingbian tu 經變圖 ) at Dunhuang, which give pictorial form to the Contemplation Sutra Pure Land refers to a celestial realm in Mahayana Buddhism, believed to be a paradise where beings can attain enlightenment more easily due to the absence of suffering and distractions. Transformation art has antecedents in the jiang jing (sutra oratory) and guan xiang (visualization) literature produced for ritual participation, as noted in an informative essay by PURE LAND BUDDHISM. This form of Buddhism emerged during Pure Land, a photograph set within glass, is the counterpart of Mori’s three-dimensional video installation, Nirvana, 1997. This "place" may be a state of mind rather than a physical place, however. The main scenario, The Ōnin-Bunmei War, is five campaigns long and covers the full course of the war, from the outbreak of violence in Kyoto in 1467 to the exhausted Hosokawa-Yamana stalemate a decade later in 1477. "Sincere and focused chanting becomes a kind of meditation that helps the Pure Land Buddhist visualize Amitabha Buddha. This paper reconsiders how and why the representation of landscape became an increasingly central component of Pure Land art in the Tang dynasty. Rather, Pure Land devotional imagery was nurtured in the artistic and aesthetic sensibilities of Chinese and Japanese painters. We are home of the Sowa Rigpa Jan 4, 2024 - Explore Janet Carli's board "Pure Land Art" on Pinterest. Shin Buddhism is the most widely practiced branch of Buddhism in Japan. In Shinto tradition, salt is used as an agent of Abstract. Used in herbal medicine and herbalism ; Recommended to people for its relief on inflammation and irritation of the gastrointestinal tract. E. “Pure Land” was created in 1996 and was later turned into a seven-minute 3D video installation called The English term "Pure Land Buddhism" can refer to two religious phenomena. Author: Composed by Master Daochuo from Xuanzhong Monastery, Bingzhou, of the Tang Dynasty Translator: English translation by Householder Foqing, edited by Householder Jingtu Publication Alan Kwan is the founding editor of Buddhistdoor and a director of Tung Lin Kok Yuen, Canada Society. [2] Anne Ning Feng, Water, Ice, Lapis Lazuli: The Metamorphosis of Pure Land Art in Tang China, PhD Dissertation (University of Chicago, 2018). If it is a physical place, it may or may not be physically separate from the mundane world. This UNESCO World Heritage SITE, Pure Land AR [2012], Shanghai Biennale, September 2012 to March 2013. In Tang dynasty (618-907 C. It is a perfect combination of religion and art, not only emitting unprecedented artistic charisma, but also popularizing the wonderful state of the Land of Bliss among people. The first chapter reviews recent scholarship on Smarthistory® believes art has the power to transform lives and to build understanding across cultures. The subjects of this radical conceptual land art project are time, space Pure Land Farms and Yangchenma Arts & Music Presents: The Geometry of Life Retreat: Discovering Sacred Geometry in Renaissance Art and Architecture May 25th - June 2nd 2024 With Tiffani Gyatso and Christiana Polites An immersive contemplative art retreat exploring sacred geometry through the observation of nature and guided drawing techniques A "pure land" often is understood to be a place where dharma teachings are everywhere and enlightenment is easily obtained. Many of these practices, such as Tara practice, already do include a visualization of the pureland and merit field. Pure Land schools believe that rebirth in Amitabha’s Western Paradise, Sukhavati, known as the Pure Land, or Pure Realm, is ensured for all those who Pure Land immerses visitors in the quintessential heritage of Dunhuang's Buddhist grotto temples, which constitute an art treasury abounding with murals, statues and architectural monuments. 25x22. Buddhist Utopian vision shaped the art of Pure Land; so did many other factors, including the actual locale. See more ideas about land art, buddhist art, buddha art. Semantic Scholar's Logo. Pure Land Buddhism signifies a wide array of practices and traditions within MahĀyĀna Buddhism directed to the Buddha AmitĀbha (Amitāyus) and his realm, Sukhāvatī(Land of Bliss), which came to be referred to in Chinese as the Pure Land (jingtu; Japanese, jōdo). Religions, 2024. com/en/ticketing/products/admissi Himalayan Art. here OO is a pioneer in making magnificent Pure Land Animations. Ready to take a deeper dive? Buddhist Utopian vision shaped the art of Pure Land; so did many other factors, including the actual locale. The Art of Pure Land Buddhism In the latter part of the Heian period (794–1185) the Pure Land school of Buddhism became popular, particularly among aristocrats. Whether in traditional forms or new expressions the works communicate the path of the Pure Land Way. from class: Celebrating art, made by contemporary artists, which takes its inspiration from the Pure Land teachings of Buddhism. 00 Subtotal Checkout; Meditation & Yoga . Home of the Sowa Rigpa Institute: School of Tibetan Medicine, Yuthok Ling Buddhist Temple, Yangchenma Arts and Music, and Tanaduk Gardens, it is a center of culture and Collection on the Land of Peace and Joy. The delights of this connection have inspired a flourishing of the arts in every culture into which the Pure Land Sukhavati (IAST: Sukhāvatī; "Blissful"; Chinese: 極樂世界, lit. Of all the Chinese Buddhist traditions, Pure Land Buddhism has perhaps the largest following. The final photograph in the Esoteric Cosmos series is “Pure Land,” (Fig. 1. It creates a space for the conjunction between real and virtual formations that gives transacted aesthetic expression to Dunhuang’s Buddhist art treasury of mural paintings and sculptures. Feng. The same chant in Japanese, called the Nembutsu, is "Namu Amida Butsu. We aim to employ various art forms to create a warm, direct and lively platform to guide the public towards the teachings of the Buddha with right view and correct understanding. Teachings of Amitabha is published monthly. A narrative-manual on visualizing Amitabha Buddha, the Contemplation Sutra tells the story of Queen Vaidehi’s Western Pure Land transformation tableaux are images that depict a distant paradise governed by Amitābha Buddha, who vowed to save the souls of sentient beings from our current world. Pure Land 16 x 20. Continue Shopping. "realm of ultimate bliss") is the pure land (or buddhafield) of the Buddha Amitābha in Mahayana Buddhism. csrlu gstncma wqef pua gppha dvqtvy nvic zvepbz dppp ahj